The History of Dogs

Dogs are humanity’s oldest animal companions. Archaeological evidence suggests that dogs were domesticated from wolves tens of thousands of years ago, long before agriculture and permanent settlements. Over time, this partnership shaped both species: humans selectively bred dogs for hunting, herding, guarding, and companionship, and dogs adapted to live alongside us.

From ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia to Greece, Rome, and China, dogs appear in art, myths, and burial sites, often symbolizing loyalty, protection, or the afterlife. As societies changed, so did dogs’ roles—shifting from working animals to beloved family members in many parts of the world.

Modern dog breeds are a relatively recent development, mostly taking shape in the last 150–200 years with the rise of kennel clubs and standardized breeding. Today, we recognize hundreds of distinct breeds, each with its own story and purpose. Understanding this history helps explain why different breeds behave and look the way they do.